Umehluko phakathi kwempuphu esekelwe ensimbini kanye nempuphu esekelwe e-nickel yokumbozwa nge-laser

Ekumbozweni kwe-laser kwezingxenye zensimbi ephonswe nge-laser, ukukhethwa kwempuphu esekelwe ensimbini kanye nempuphu esekelwe ku-nickel kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezindleko zesendlalelo sokumbozwa. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ubonakala ekwakhiweni, ukusebenza, ukuzivumelanisa nenqubo kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, kanje:

1. Umehluko ezithakweni

2. Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza Okuyinhloko

1) Izakhiwo zemishini

Impuphu esekelwe ku-iron:

• Ubulukhuni obuphezulu (i-HRC 30-60, ngokulungiswa kokwakheka, i-Cr ephezulu, uhlobo lwe-Mo lungafinyelela ku-HRC 50 noma ngaphezulu), ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka;

• Amandla asondele kulawo e-cast iron matrix (amandla okudonsa angu-500-1000MPa), ukuhambisana okungcono kwe-metallurgical ne-cast iron, futhi amandla okubopha phakathi kwesendlalelo se-cladding kanye ne-matrix aphezulu (ngokuvamile >300MPa);

• Amamodeli anobuthaka obuphakathi nendawo, obuqinile kakhulu angaba nokuzwela okuthile kokuqhekeka (inqubo yokumboza idinga ukulawulwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka).

Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel:

• Ubulukhuni obuphakathi (i-HRC 20-45, uhlobo lwe-alloy oluphansi luthambile, uhlobo lwe-Cr oluphezulu, uhlobo lwe-W lungafinyelela ku-HRC 40-50), kodwa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana okungcono komthelela kunempuphu esekelwe ensimbi;

• Amandla okudonseka aphansi kancane kunempuphu esekwe ku-iron ene-alloy ephezulu (400-800MPa), kodwa i-plasticity engcono (ukunwebeka>10%, impuphu esekelwe ku-iron ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwe-5%);

• Amandla okubopha aphansi kancane ngensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi (ngokuvamile i-200-300MPa), kodwa ukuzwela okuphansi kokuqhekeka, akulula ukukhiqiza imifantu ebandayo (ngenxa yokuqina kanye nezici zokucindezeleka okuphansi kwe-nickel).

2) Ukumelana nokugqwala

Impuphu esekelwe ensimbini: ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi nendawo. Impuphu ejwayelekile esekelwe ensimbini (i-Cr ephansi) inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala komoya kanye namanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa ithambekele ekugqwaleni ezindaweni ezine-acidic kanye ne-alkaline. Uhlobo lwe-Cr ephezulu (okuqukethwe kwe-Cr > 12%) inokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa ayikalungi njengempuphu esekelwe e-nickel.

Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel: ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinomswakama, ezine-acidic kanye ne-alkaline (njenge-organic acid, i-alkali ebuthakathaka) (ngoba i-Ni ne-Cr zakha ifilimu ye-oxide eningi), ezifanele izimo zokugqwala.

3) Ukumelana nokushisa

Impuphu esekelwe ensimbini: ukumelana nokushisa okuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza isikhathi eside livame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-500℃ (kulula ukulixuba futhi amandla ayancipha ekushiseni okuphezulu).

Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel: ukumelana nokushisa okunamandla, ingasebenza kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu engu-600-1000℃ (njengempuphu esekelwe ku-nickel equkethe izakhi ze-Cr ne-W, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushiswa kwe-oxidation kanye nokukhathala kokushisa).

4) Ukuhambisana ne-cast iron matrix

Impuphu esekelwe ensimbini: eduze ne-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwensimbi ephonswe (esekelwe ku-Fe) (impuphu esekelwe ensimbini icishe ibe ngu-11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, insimbi ephonswe cishe ingu-10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), ukucindezeleka okuncane kokushisa ngesikhathi sokumbozwa, akulula ukuqhekeka ngenxa yomehluko wokwanda kokushisa (ikakhulukazi efanelekela ungqimba olujiyile lokumbozwa).

Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel: I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa iphakeme kakhulu (cishe ngo-13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), okuhlukile kancane kunensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi. Kulula ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokushisa ngesikhathi sokumbozwa okukhulu, okudinga ukuncishiswa ngokushisa kusengaphambili, ukupholisa kancane noma ukumbozwa okunezingqimba.

3. Umehluko ekuzivumelaniseni nenqubo

Impuphu esekelwe ku-iron:

• Ukuzwela okuphansi kwamandla e-laser, ukugeleza okuphakathi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, kulula ukwakha ungqimba oluyisicaba;

• Iqukethe izinto ezisusa i-oxidation njenge-Si ne-B, ibekezelela kakhulu ukungcola okufana ne-C ne-S ensimbini ephonswe ngensimbi (akulula ukukhiqiza ama-pores);

• Izinga lokuncibilikisa lesendlalelo sokumboza (ingxenye yensimbi eyisisekelo exutshwe nesendlalelo sokumboza) kunzima ukulilawula, ngokuvamile lilawulwa ku-10%-20% (ukuphakama kakhulu kunganciphisa ubulukhuni).

Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel:

• Izinga eliphezulu lokumuncwa kwe-laser, ukugeleza okuhle kwechibi elincibilikisiwe (ikakhulukazi i-nickel-based powder equkethe i-B ne-Si), kulula ukukufeza ungqimba oluncane nolulinganayo lokumboza;

• Izwela ku-C ensimbini ephonswe. Uma i-matrix inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni (njenge-grey cast iron), kulula ukwakha izigaba ezibuthakathaka (njenge-network carbides) ngenxa yokusabalala kwe-C engqimbeni yokumboza. Kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile amapharamitha e-laser (njengokunciphisa amandla nokwandisa isivinini sokuskena) ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokuxuba (ngokuvamile okudingeka libe ngaphansi kuka-10%);

• Kulula ukusabela nge-sulfur (S) ensimbini ephonswe ukuze kwakheke i-eutectic encibilika kancane (njenge-Ni₃S₂), okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokushisa. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-sulfide angaphezulu ayasuswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ephonswe ngaphambi kokwelashwa.

4. Izimo zezindleko kanye nezicelo

Isifinyezo

• Impuphu esekelwe ku-iron iyathandwa: lapho kulandelwa izindleko eziphansi kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, futhi izimo zokusebenza zingadingi ukugqwala okunamandla noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (njengokulungisa izingxenye ezivamile zemishini).

• Impuphu esekelwe ku-nickel iyathandwa: lapho kudingeka ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa noma ukuqina okuphezulu, futhi izindleko eziphakeme zamukelekile (njengokuqinisa izingxenye zensimbi ezicijile ngokunemba ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile).