Isicelo

Njengemishini eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza izimboni, ukusebenza kwezikhunta zensimbi kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo emikhakheni yokukhiqiza izimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yasekhaya, izinto zikagesi zabathengi, njll. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa ezifana nokunyathela, ukubumba ngomjovo, kanye nokubumba ngomshini wokufafaza, izikhunta zibhekana nezimo zokushisa eziphakeme ezingama-300-800℃, imithwalo yokucindezela ephezulu engama-500-2000MPa, kanye nemithwalo yokuthinta izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzu isikhathi eside. Ikakhulukazi, izikhunta zokunyathela zezingxenye zesembozo sezimoto zidinga ukumelana namandla okuthinta angaphezu kwama-2000kN. Izimo ezinjalo zokusebenza ezinzima ziholela ezinkingeni ezivamile zokwehluleka njengokuqhekeka kwemiphetho yokusika isikhunta, ukudilika kwezindawo zokuhlukanisa isikhunta ngomjovo, kanye nokuqhekeka kwemigodi yesikhunta ekhipha ngomshini wokufafaza. Phakathi kwazo, ukugoba kwemingcele yezinto ezisanhlamvu okubangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugqwala ngomshini wokufafaza kungafinyeza impilo yesikhunta. Uma sithatha i-aluminium alloy die-casting njengesibonelo, lapho isikhunta sihlanzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngoketshezi lwe-aluminium oluyi-670℃, isilinganiso sengqimba yokugqwala engu-0.2-0.5mm sizokhiqizwa ebusweni bomgodi njalo ngesikhunta esingu-5000.

Indawo yokusebenza: amanzi noma umoya onosawoti oqothulayo Imikhumbi yasolwandle kanye nemishini yasogwini lolwandle zihlala ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu lapho kufakwe khona usawoti omningi kanye nomswakama omningi isikhathi eside. Ukungena kukasawoti (ama-chloride ions) kanye nokusabela kwe-electrochemical kwamanzi olwandle kusheshisa ukugqwala kwensimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthelela wokugeleza kwamanzi ngesivinini esikhulu, imithwalo eshintshanayo kanye nezimo zokushisa okuphezulu (njengokushisa eduze kwegumbi lokushiswa kwenjini kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-500°C) kwakha indawo yomonakalo wokuxhumanisa onezici eziningi, okuletha inselele enkulu ekuqineni kwezingxenye.

Indawo yokusebenza: Izinga lokushisa lodonga lweshubhu lebhoyila leyunithi eqhutshwa ngamalahle lifinyelela ku-500-650℃ kanti ingcindezi idlula u-22MPa. Ama-pump bearings amakhulu esitshalo samandla enuzi abhekene nomfutho ophezulu ongu-10^6Pa kanye nokugqwala kwe-boric acid. Idivayisi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ivezwa ku-H2S/Cl⁻/acidic medium (pH≤3) futhi iqhubeka nokuguguleka uketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esingu-8-20m/

Indawo yokusebenza yezimboni yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini inzima kakhulu, ibonakala ngokushisa okuphezulu, umthwalo osindayo, umthelela omkhulu, ukujikeleza okushisa njalo, kanye nokugqwala okubangelwa ukupholisa. Lezi zimo zivame ukuba khona emikhakheni efana ne-metallurgy, izimayini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini esindayo, lapho izingxenye zicindezelwa khona njalo kanye nolaka lwemvelo. Izindawo zokushisa okuphezulu zidlula ama-500°C ezimweni eziningi, okubangela ukuthamba kwezinto kanye nokusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, kuyilapho ukujikeleza kokushisa (ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okudlula ama-300°C ngomjikelezo ngamunye) kwethula ukucindezeleka kokushisa okwenza buthaka ubuqotho besakhiwo. Izinhlelo zokupholisa, ezivame ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamanzi ezinama-ion agqwalisayo (isb., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻), zakha isimo sokuhlasela okubili sokuguguleka komshini kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.

Umthwalo Omkhulu Nomthelela: Amakhola nezinduku zokubhoboza zibekezelela imithwalo ye-axial efinyelela kumathani angu-500 kanye nokucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo okungaphezu kwe-100 MPa ngesikhathi sokubhoboza okuqondisiwe. Ukwakheka kwamadwala okungazelelwe kungabangela amandla okushaya angu-2,000 J, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala ezindongeni zokubhoboza.

Izindawo zokumba amalahle ngaphansi komhlaba ziletha izinselele ezinkulu ekuqineni kwemishini. Njengoba amazinga omswakama evame ukwedlula u-90% kanye nokuba khona kwamagesi agqwalisayo njenge-H₂S ne-SO₂, izingxenye zensimbi zibhekana nokugqwala okusheshayo kwe-electrochemical. Isibonelo, amasilinda e-hydraulic prop, abalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwemigudu, athambekele ekugqwaleni komhlaba okuphazamisa ukusebenza kokuvala, okuholela ekwahlulekeni kwesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya zothuli lwamalahle (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 3-4) zisebenza njengezinto ezihudulayo, okubangela ukuguguleka okukhulu ezingxenyeni zokudlulisela ezifana nama-sprocket nama-scraper. Uthuli lwamalahle olusheshayo lunganciphisa impilo yokusebenza yalezi zingxenye ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezihlanzekile.