Ubuchwepheshe Bokumboza Nge-Laser: Ubuchwepheshe Obusha Obuhlaza Obuhlomisa Imishini Ye-Petrochemical "Ngesivikelo Esisebenza Kakhulu"

Embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, umkhakha obalulekile ekuphepheni kwamandla kazwelonke kanye negazi lezimboni eziyisisekelo, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuzinzile kwemishini yokukhiqiza kuyindlela yokuphila yokusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuphephile. Kodwa-ke, izindawo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu—amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, ukugqwala okukhulu, kanye nokuguguleka kwemidiya—kuvivinya njalo ukuqina kwemishini eyinhloko. Amaphampu, ama-valve, amapayipi, ama-reactor, nezinye izingxenye zisebenza njenge-"artery" kanye "nenhliziyo" yenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi ubuqotho bezindawo zazo zangaphakathi bunquma ngqo isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokuthembeka kweyunithi yonke. Izixazululo zendabuko, njengokusebenzisa izinto zokusebenza okuphezulu kuyo yonke indawo noma ezidinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kufakwe ezinye izingxenye, azibizi nje kuphela kodwa futhi zidla isikhathi. Ngokuphikisana nalokhu, ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding, njengendlela yobunjiniyela obuphezulu bomphezulu kanye nendlela yokuvuselela, bunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwemishini kaphethiloli ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu.

I. Izinselele Ezinzima: "Ubuhlungu Obungokwemvelo" Bemishini Ye-Petrochemical

Imishini ye-Petrochemical ibhekene nomonakalo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali nangokomzimba yizinto zangaphakathi:

Ukugqwala Kwamakhemikhali: Lapho kucutshungulwa uwoyela ongahluziwe noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali eziqukethe izinto ezibolayo njenge-sulfur, i-chlorine, i-asidi, kanye ne-alkali, i-substrate yensimbi yemishini (ngokuvamile i-carbon steel noma i-stainless steel) ingaba nokugqwala okufanayo, ukugoba, kanye nokugqwala phakathi kwe-granular, okuholela ekuncipheni kodonga, ukubhoboka, ngisho nokwehluleka.

Ukuguga Kokuguguleka Kwenhlabathi: Ukugeleza okusheshayo kwezinhlayiya ze-catalyst, i-slurry, umusi, kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo kuqhubeka nokuguguleka futhi kuguge izingqiniba zamapayipi, izindlela zokugeleza kwephampu, izindawo zokuvala izihlalo zamavalvu, kanye nezinye izingxenye, okubangela ukulahleka kwezinto kanye nomonakalo wesakhiwo.

Ukushiswa Kwe-Oxidation Emazingeni Okushisa Aphezulu kanye Nokukhathala Okushisayo: Ama-reactor namapayipi okushisa okuphezulu asebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu aqhubekayo, okwenza izinto zensimbi zibe sengozini yokushiswa yi-oxidation kanye nokukhukhuleka, ngisho nokukhathala kokushisa kuqhekeke ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushisa okuhambisana nokuqala nokuvala. Lokhu kulimala kuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezingxenye zemishini ebalulekile, okuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zivamise ukuvala ukuze zilungiswe. Isikhathi ngasinye sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe singabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwezigidi zama-yuan futhi sibe nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona.

II. Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko: Indlela ukufakwa kwe-laser okudala ngayo "umzimba ongenakubhujiswa"

Ukumbozwa kwe-laser ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungeziwe obusebenzisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu njengomthombo wokushisa ukuncibilikisa i-alloy powder kanye nesendlalelo esincane ebusweni be-substrate, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe i-metallurgical bond coating esebenza kahle ebusweni be-substrate. Isimiso sokusetshenziswa kwayo ekuvikelweni kwemishini ye-petrochemical singafingqwa kanje:

1. Ukulawulwa kwamandla okunembile: Amandla okukhanya kwe-laser agxile kakhulu, isivinini sokushisa nokupholisa sishesha kakhulu, okokufaka ukushisa nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni kuya ku-substrate kuncane kakhulu, futhi ukuguquka komsebenzi kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kuyagwenywa.

2. Izinzuzo Zokubopha Ngensimbi: Isendlalelo sokumboza kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo kuyancibilika futhi kusakazeke komunye nomunye emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kwakha isibopho esinamandla sensimbi. Lesi sibopho siqine kakhulu kunezibopho zemishini ezitholakala ngamasu endabuko njengokufutha kanye nokufaka i-electroplating, futhi ukugqoka akuthinteki ekuqhekekeni.

3. Inkululeko yokuklama izinto: Ungakwazi "ukulungisa" ngokwezimo zokusebenza ezithile bese ukhetha i-alloy powder efanelekile kakhulu engagqwali, engagugi noma engashisi kakhulu (njenge-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel, esekelwe ku-cobalt, esekelwe ku-iron kanye ne-metal-ceramic composites) ukuze ufeze inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu "ye-matrix bearing enhle kakhulu kanye ne-surface bearing eqinile".

Kwimishini ye-petrochemical, ikakhulukazi ubuso bangaphakathi bamapayipi nama-reactor, imishini ekhethekile yokumboza i-laser yangaphakathi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukufeza ukucutshungulwa okuzenzakalelayo nokufanayo ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezivalekile, ukuqinisekisa ukumbozwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokungenasici.

III. Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa: ukufaka impilo entsha emishinini ebalulekile

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding emishinini ehlukahlukene ye-petrochemical kungaletha izinzuzo ezisheshayo nezesikhathi eside:

Amaphampu (amaphampu e-centrifugal, amaphampu aphindiselanayo): Ukufaka insimbi ephonswe nge-chromium ephezulu, i-tungsten carbide kanye nezinye izinto ezingagugi ebusweni bezingxenye ezigeleza njengezindawo zokupompa kanye nama-impeller kungamelana kakhulu nokuguguleka kodaka kanye nezinhlayiya, futhi kwandise isikhathi sokwehla kokusebenza kahle izikhathi eziningana.

Amavalvu (amavalvu ebhola, amavalvu esango, amavalvu embulunga): Ama-alloy asekelwe ku-Cobalt njenge-Stellite ambozwe ezindaweni zokuvala zesihlalo se-valve kanye ne-valve core (ibhola) ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ukuqeda ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, nokufeza ukuvala okuqinile.

Izinhlelo zamapayipi (amapayipi aqondile, izindololwane, ama-tee): Ikakhulukazi ezindololwaneni ezivame ukuguguleka, ukumbozwa ngesembozo esingagugi futhi esingagqwali kungavikela ngokulinganayo lonke udonga lwangaphakathi, kuxazulule ngokuphelele inkinga yokubhoboka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okubangelwa umphumela "wokuguguleka" wendawo, futhi kwandise impilo yombhobho izikhathi ezingu-3-5.

I-Reactor (umzimba we-kettle, i-agitator, izingxenye zangaphakathi): Udonga lwangaphakathi lumbozwe ungqimba lwe-Hastelloy noma i-625 alloy olumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-carburization, kanye nokugqwala kwe-asidi ne-alkali, okumelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka kwe-reaction medium, kugcina indawo yokusabela ehlanzekile, futhi kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

IV. Ngale Kokuvikelwa: Ukweqa Okuphelele

Inani lobuchwepheshe bokumbozwa nge-laser lidlulela ngalé "kokulungiswa". Futhi liyindlela ethuthukisiwe "yokuvikela okusebenzayo" kanye "nokuvuselela", eletha ukuthuthukiswa okunezinhlangothi eziningi ezinkampanini zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli:

Yandisa umjikelezo wokulungisa futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside: Ukuthuthukiswa okuyisisekelo kokuthembeka kwemishini kuye kwandisa umjikelezo wokulungisa kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1-2 eyedlule kuya eminyakeni emi-3-4 noma ngaphezulu, okuhlangabezana kahle nezidingo zokusebenza "eziphephile, ezizinzile, ezinde, ezigcwele futhi ezinhle kakhulu" zemboni yamakhemikhali yanamuhla.

Ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kanye nentuthuko esimeme: Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha ngokuphelele izingxenye ezibizayo ezine-alloy ephezulu, ukumbozwa nge-laser kuqinisa indawo engaphezulu kuphela, konga ngaphezu kuka-70% ezindlekweni zezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuphinde kuvumele ukwenziwa kabusha kwezingxenye ezilahliwe, okunikeza ukusebenza okungaphezu kwalokho kwezintsha, ngokuhambisana nezimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo kanye nentuthuko eluhlaza.

Ukuqinisa izithiyo zokuphepha: Ngokuyisisekelo ukuqeda izingozi ezifihliwe zezingozi ezinkulu njengokuvuza okuphakathi, umlilo nokuqhuma okubangelwa ukuncipha kobukhulu bodonga lwemishini kanye nokubhoboka kokugqwala, kanye nokwakha isithiyo sobuchwepheshe esiqinile ukuze kuphephe ukukhiqizwa.

Isiphetho

Ubuchwepheshe bokumboza nge-laser, obunezici zabo zedijithali, ezinembile, neziguquguqukayo, buguqula ukugcinwa kwemishini embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli. Buhlomisa le mishini ebalulekile yezimboni "ngesivikelo esisebenza kahle kakhulu," esibenza bakwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu. Ngokwamukelwa okwandayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo, ukumboza nge-laser kulungele ukuba ngomunye wobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwangaphakathi, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kanye nentuthuko esimeme yezinkampani zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, kufaka umfutho onamandla wezobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwezimboni zamandla namakhemikhali zaseShayina.