Ukumbozwa nge-laser: indlela yokuvuselela eluhlaza efaka "izikhali ezinkulu" ezinjini zamalahle

Ngaphansi kokujula kwezimayini zamalahle, izinsika zokusekela i-hydraulic ezinhlelweni zokumba ezisebenzisa imishini ngokugcwele ziyaguquguquka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamathani ayi-10,000, imisele yokuhambisa i-scraper iyagaya ngokumelene ne-gangue yamalahle, kuyilapho amasilinda e-hydraulic ehluleka ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezingcolisayo. Lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zakha "uhlaka lwensimbi" lwemisebenzi yokumba amalahle, ebekezelela ukuguguleka okungapheli, ukugqwala, kanye nomthelela esikhathini eside. Izindlela zokulungisa zendabuko ezifana nokushisela okungaphezulu, ukufaka i-chromium plating, noma ukushintshwa okuphelele azigcini nje ngokubiza futhi kuthatha isikhathi kodwa futhi ziyahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokumba amalahle zesimanje zokusebenza okusebenzayo, okunekhabhoni ephansi, kanye nokusebenza okungabizi. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokufaka i-laser cladding manje sekungenisa "inguquko yokuvuselela insimbi" ethule embonini yemishini yamalahle.

I. Ukufakwa kwe-laser: "ukuhlinzwa okunembile" kokwenziwa kabusha komshini wamalahle

Ukumbozwa nge-laser akuyona "ifilimu" elula, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obenza ichibi lokuncibilika okuncane ebusweni bengxenye nge-laser beam enamandla aphezulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye kufefa i-alloy powder ekhethekile ukuze kufezwe ukubopha kwensimbi phakathi kwesendlalelo sokumbozwa kanye nesisekelo. Inani layo eliyinhloko lilele ku:

Ukulungiswa okuqondile kwethagethi: Ugongolo lwe-laser lungabekwa kahle ukuze lufake imifantu kanye nemigodi yokugqwala, kugwenywe umonakalo ku-substrate enempilo, ikakhulukazi efaneleka ukulungisa amaphutha endawo njengokuklwebheka kumakholomu e-hydraulic kanye nokuklwebheka odongeni lwangaphakathi lwamasilinda.

Ukubopha okuqinile nokuqina kwensimbi: Isendlalelo sokumboza kanye ne-matrix kwakha i-atomic diffusion fusion, amandla okubopha afinyelela ku-400MPa, okuqeda ngokuphelele ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-chromium plating.

Ukusebenza okwenziwe ngokwezifiso: Ngokukhetha i-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt engagugi (njengeStellite 6), i-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel engagugi noma i-tungsten carbide eqinisiwe ehlanganisiwe, ikhono lokusinda kwezingxenye ezimweni zokusebenza ezinzima njengomthelela wamalahle kanye nokugqwala komphunga wamanzi we-acid kungathuthukiswa.

II. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo: Kusukela "ekukhuhleni umkhawulo" kuya "ekudluleni ukusebenza"

1. Ukusekelwa kwe-hydraulic "uguquko lokukhulisa impilo"

Ngemva kokuba ungqimba lwe-chromium plating ebusweni bekholomu ye-hydraulic seluhlutshiwe, ikholomu kulula ukuyigqwala futhi yehluleke ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding bungenza okulandelayo:

Ngemva kokususa isembozo esidala, ungqimba lwe-alloy olusekelwe ku-cobalt oluyi-0.8-1.5mm ubukhulu lubekwa ngqo ebusweni be-substrate;

Ubulukhuni bukhuliswa bube yi-HRC 55-60 (ungqimba lokuqala lwe-chromium plating luyi-HRC 40-45 kuphela), futhi ukumelana nokuguguleka kukhushulwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu;

Ukumelana nokugqwala kukhuliswe kakhulu. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwekholomu yokulungisa imayini emanzini e-asidi emayini sifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-18, sidlula kakhulu ingxenye entsha yokuqala (izinyanga ezingu-6-8).

2. Umsele ophakathi womshini wokuklwebha "uphinde wasungulwa"

Ukuguguleka kwaminyaka yonke epuletini elingezansi lomgodi ophakathi kufinyelela ku-15mm, kanti ukushintshwa kwendabuko kubiza ama-yuan angaphezu kuka-20,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye. Isixazululo sokumboza nge-laser sisebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-tungsten carbide eziqinisiwe zensimbi ezindaweni ezivame ukuguguleka zezindonga zomgodi. Njengoba kufinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu obudlula i-HRC 62, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukhulisa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngezikhathi ezingu-5-8. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimu ezindaweni zezimayini kubonisa ukuthi umgodi ophakathi ovuselelwe wandisa impilo yenkonzo kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-24, kuyilapho izindleko zokulungisa ngethani lamalahle zehla ngo-40%.

3. "Ukwakhiwa kabusha" kodonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda se-hydraulic

Ukuze kulungiswe ukwehluleka kokuvala okubangelwa ukuklwebheka odongeni lwesilinda: Uhlelo lusebenzisa ukondla ngempuphu ye-coaxial kuhlanganiswe nomlomo we-laser ozinikele wezimbobo zangaphakathi, okwenza kube lula ukushisela okunembile ezindaweni ezivalekile. Ubulukhuni bomphezulu ngemva kokulungiswa (Ra ≤ 0.8μm) budlula amazinga amasha okusebenza kwezingxenye. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu esitshalweni semishini yamalahle kubonisa ukuthi amasilinda alungisiwe afinyelela ukuhambisana nokusebenza kokuvala okungu-100% kuyilapho ebiza u-30% kuphela wokukhiqiza amasilinda amasha.

III. Ushintsho Oluthathu: Umnotho, Ukusebenza Kahle kanye Nokuguqulwa Kokuluhlaza

IV. Kusukela ekulungisweni kuya ekuthuthukisweni: ikusasa lokwenziwa kabusha kwezinjini zamalahle ngobuhlakani

Ngokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, ukumbozwa nge-laser kufinyelela amazinga amasha ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini yamalahle: 1) Izindawo zokusebenza zamarobhothi ezizenzakalelayo zivumela ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye ezifana namakholomu namasilinda, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-50%; 2) Ukulungiswa kokubikezela okubili kwedijithali kuqapha ukuguguleka kwemishini ngezinzwa ukuze kwenze ukulungiswa kokumbozwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka; 3) Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-gradient zakha izendlalelo zokumbozwa ezihlanganisiwe ezinezindawo zangaphandle eziqinile kakhulu zokumelana nokuguguleka kanye nezendlalelo zangaphakathi eziqinile ezimelana nokuqhekeka, okubhekana ngempumelelo nezimo zokusebenza ezihambisana nokuguguleka kokuthinteka.