Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucima ubuso nge-laser ekwelashweni kokushisa kwesikhunta sezimoto
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo emandleni okukhiqiza, izikhunta zezimoto sezibe yimishini ebalulekile yenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto. Ikhwalithi yazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo kunquma ngqo ukunemba, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezingxenye zezimoto. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuqinisa ubuso, ukuqina kobuso be-laser kuthole ukunakwa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezinzuzo zako okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukushisa/ukupholisa okusheshayo, ukuguqulwa okuncane, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Leli phepha lihlose ukuhlola ngokuhlelekile izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje, izinselele ezibalulekile, kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo zobuchwepheshe bokuqinisa i-laser ekukhiqizweni kwezikhunta zezimoto.
I. Isimiso esiyisisekelo kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe bokucima i-laser
Ukucima i-laser kuyinqubo esebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu ukushisa ngokushesha nokupholisa izindawo zensimbi, kufeza ukuqina kobuso ngokuqina kokuguqulwa kwesigaba. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezindawo ezincane ezithintekile ekushiseni, ukuguquguquka okuncane kwezingxenye zomsebenzi, akukho sidingo sokupholisa, kanye nokulawula okulula kokujula nokusatshalaliswa kwezingqimba eziqinile. Kufanelekile ikakhulukazi ezikhunjini zezimoto ezakhiwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, njenge-stamping dies, i-injection molds, kanye ne-die-casting dies. Ekukhiqizweni kwesikhunta sezimoto, ukucima i-laser akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bobuso, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye namandla okukhathala kwesikhunta kodwa futhi kugcina ngempumelelo ukuqina kwe-substrate yesikhunta, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yesevisi futhi kunciphise izindleko zokulungisa.
II. Izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta sezimoto
Isikhunta sezimoto, ikakhulukazi isikhunta esikhulu sokunyathela ishidi lesembozo, ukubumba izingxenye zangaphakathi kanye nesikhunta sokufaka izingxenye, siyindawo enkulu yokulwa yobuchwepheshe bokucima i-laser ukukhombisa amandla aso.
1. Unqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuso bokucindezeleka obuyisihluthulelo bedayi yokunyathela kuyaqiniswa
Ama-stamping dies egobolondo lemoto kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo (njengeminyango, izembozo zenjini, kanye nemishayo emide) makhulu ngobukhulu futhi ayabiza ngenani. Unqenqema oluphambili lwe-trimming die, umbambo wokudweba we-drawing die, kanye nekhona le-convex ne-concave die kubhekwana nokungqubuzana okukhulu kanye nokuthinteka ngesikhathi somsebenzi, okulula ukukugqoka.
Isicelo: Ukucima i-laser kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izindawo ezibalulekile endaweni, okudala indawo eqinile kahle ebusweni be-blade enobunzima obufinyelela ku-HRC 58-62. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka izikhathi eziningana, kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuphuka nokuguguleka kwe-blade, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise kakhulu umjikelezo wokugcinwa kwesikhunta kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Isibonelo, isethi yama-die okusika amaphaneli omzimba wezimoto acinywe nge-laser ingandisa isikhathi sawo sokugaya kusukela ezingxenyeni eziyi-100,000 kuya kwezingaphezu kuka-500,000 ezigxiviziwe.
2. Ukumelana nokugqwala komhlaba kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kwe-die cavity ekubunjweni kwe-die
Ubuso bomgoqo wesikhunta sokubumba i-aluminium alloy die casting njengomzimba wesilinda senjini kanye ne-gearbox housing buvame ukuba nokuqhekeka kokukhathala okushisa (uqhekeko), ukulahleka kokuncibilika kanye nokuguguleka ngaphansi kokukhuhla okuphindaphindiwe kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu.
Isicelo: Ukucinywa kwe-laser kwemigodi yesikhunta ekhishwa nge-die-cast eyenziwe nge-H13 nezinye izinsimbi zesikhunta ezingamelani nokushisa kuthuthukisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokukhathala kokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Isakhiwo se-martensitic esicwengisisiwe sivimbela ngempumelelo ukuqala nokusabalala kwemifantu, sandisa impilo yenkonzo yesikhunta ngokuphindwe ka-1-2 ngenkathi sigcina ikhwalithi yokukhipha ehambisanayo.
3. Thuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokusebenza kokunciphisa isikhunta somjovo
Isikhunta somjovo wezingxenye zepulasitiki ezifana nezingxenye zangaphakathi ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezibani, izingxenye ezihambayo ezifana nezikhonkwane ze-ejector, iziteshi zokugeleza, amaslayida kanye nezindawo ezimboziwe ziguguleka yipulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi isikhathi eside, okulula ukuholela ekulinganisweni okukhulu kakhulu kanye nokuphela kobuso okunciphile.
Isicelo: Ukucinywa kwalezi zindawo nge-laser kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngenkathi kugcina ukuguguleka okuncane okugcina ukulingana kwesikhunta kunembile kakhulu. Ungqimba oluqinile luphinde lunciphise ukunamathela kwepulasitiki, luthuthukise ukusebenza kokususa ukungcola, lunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yokukhulula, futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngekhwalithi ephezulu yobuso.
4. Ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwesikhunta ku-inthanethi
Kuma-mold abizayo agugile noma onakele endaweni ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle, izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni ziphezulu kakhulu. Ukucima nge-laser kungasetshenziswa njengenqubo yokugcina yokulungisa.
Isicelo: Ngemva kokuqedwa kokumbozwa nge-laser kanye nokunye ukulungiswa okungeziwe, ukwelashwa kokucima nge-laser kwenziwa endaweni yokulungisa kanye nejoyinti layo, okungenza ubulukhuni bendawo yokulungisa kanye ne-matrix kufinyelele okufanayo noma ngaphezulu, kubuyisele ukusebenza kwayo kwesevisi, kubone izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuvuselelwa kwesikhunta sekhwalithi ephezulu, konge izindleko eziningi.
III. Izitayela kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe be-laser, izinhlelo zokulawula, kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha, ukucima i-laser kubonisa amandla amakhulu okukhiqizwa kwesikhunta sezimoto esikhathini esizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishini yokucubungula i-laser enamandla amakhulu izosabalala kakhulu, ivumele ukucima ubuso okuhlakaniphile nokuzenzekelayo ngokugcwele ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubona komshini kanye nokuqapha eziku-inthanethi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-laser nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangaphambili kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ngemuva kokushisa, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kungacindezelwa ngempumelelo ezintweni eziyinselele njengensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nensimbi ephonswe, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ububanzi bezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulingisa inqubo yokucima ebonakalayo okusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabili bedijithali kuzonciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlola futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo. Kuhlanganiswe nedatha enkulu kanye namapulatifomu amafu, ukulungiswa kokusebenza okukude kanye nokwenza ngcono okwabiwe kwezinqubo zokucima i-laser kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucima ubuso nge-laser buvela njengesixazululo esibalulekile ekwelashweni kokushisa kwesikhunta sezimoto. Njengoba imboni ishintshela ekukhiqizeni okulula nokunamandla aphezulu, le ndlela kumele ifinyelele impumelelo ekuzinzeni kwenqubo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezinto, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile. Ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile kokubambisana kwemboni-izemfundo-ucwaningo kanye nokubambisana kwemikhakha eyahlukene, ubuchwepheshe bokucima nge-laser buzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wesikhunta sezimoto, bunikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukisa intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yokukhiqiza izimoto.