Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela i-laser cladding yezingxenye zokwehluleka kwemishini ezimayini

Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini yezimayini, izimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu zihlala ziyinselele eyinhloko evimbela ukusebenza kwemishini okuzinzile. Izindawo zokumba ngaphansi komhlaba zivaliwe futhi zincane, uthuli olunezinga eliphezulu luguguleka njalo ezindaweni zemishini. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa komthungo wamalahle, umthelela ovame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamazinyo okusika kanye nedwala lamalahle eliqinile, kuhlanganiswe nokungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwama-scraper conveyors nezinto zokwakha, kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye. Okwamanje, ukutholakala kwamaminerali amaningi kanye nendawo enomswakama emanzini emayini kubangela ukugqwala okukhulu kwe-electrochemical. Lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni zokwehluleka okusabalele njengokuguguleka ngokweqile, ukubhoboka okubangelwa ukugqwala, kanye nokuklwebheka kobuso ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile kufaka phakathi amazinyo okusika amalahle, amakholomu okusekela amanzi ezinhlelo zokumba ezisebenzisa imishini ngokugcwele, kanye nezingxenye zokuhambisa i-scraper. Ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwalezi zingxenye akugcini nje ngokwandisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini kodwa futhi kuphakamisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa kanye nezingozi zokuphepha emisebenzini yezimayini.​

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele ebalulekile, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokumboza ubuso be-laser enamandla aphezulu kanye nezimpushana ze-alloy ezimelana nokuguguleka ezikhethekile kushintshe izixazululo zokukhiqiza kabusha izingxenye zemishini yezimayini ezihlulekile. Ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu njengemithombo yokushisa, le ndlela entsha ifaka ngokunembile izimpushana ze-alloy ezindaweni zokulungisa eziqondiwe. Ngaphansi kokushiswa nge-laser, izinhlayiya ze-alloy ziyancibilika futhi ziqine ngokushesha nge-substrate, zakha ungqimba oluqinisiwe oluhlanganiswe ngensimbi. Le nqubo yokuhlanganisa ihluke kakhulu ezinamathiselweni ezivamile zomzimba ezifana nokufakwa kwe-electroplating kanye nokufakwa kwe-spray, kususa izingozi zokususwa kokufakwa kwe-coating ngenkathi kusungulwa izisekelo zesakhiwo zokusebenza kwezingxenye ezithuthukisiwe.​

Umklamo wokwakheka kwama-powder e-alloy akhethekile angagugi angenwayo ungomunye wemicu yobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel, i-iron, noma i-cobalt njenge-matrices, lawa ma-powder asabalalisa ngokulinganayo izinhlayiya eziqinile njenge-WC, Cr₃C₂, kanye ne-TiC. Ngokufaka izinto ezifana ne-Cr, Mo, kanye ne-Si, ukuqina kwama-alloy kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuyathuthukiswa. Izinhlayiya eziqinile zingandisa ubulukhuni be-coating ku-HRC55-65, zimelane ngempumelelo nemiphumela yamalahle kanye nokungqubuzana kwezinto. Okwamanje, i-matrix eqinile inciphisa imithwalo yomthelela, ivimbele ukuqhekeka okubuthakathaka e-coating futhi ifinyelele ibhalansi yokusebenza "enzima kodwa engaqinile".​

Ezindaweni ezithile zokwenziwa kabusha kwezingxenye ezithile, lobu buchwepheshe bubonisa ukucaca nokusebenza kahle okumangalisayo. Kumashini wokumba amalahle kanye namazinyo okusika umshini wokubhoboza imigudu, indawo yokugcina eyindilinga isebenza njengendawo ebalulekile ethinta ngqo amatshe amalahle. Ubuchwepheshe bokumboza nge-laser bungakha ngokunembile ungqimba oluqinisiwe oluyi-3-5mm ebusweni bekhoni. Izinhlayiya eziqinile ezimbozweni zisebenza njenge-"armor" ukumelana nokuguguleka kokuguguleka kokuguguleka kwamatshe amalahle, kuyilapho i-matrix eqinile imunca amandla omthelela, yandisa impilo yenkonzo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezintsha ngaphansi kwezimo zejiyoloji eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kwabathuthi be-scraper abagugulekayo njengemigqomo ephakathi kanye nemigqomo yokuguquka, ungqimba olumelana nokuguguleka olumbozwe nge-laser lunciphisa kakhulu ukuguguleka okukhuhlayo ngesikhathi sokuthutha izinto. Imigqomo ephakathi ekuqaleni yayidinga ukushintshwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-3-6 manje ihlala izinyanga ezingu-12-24 ngemva kokwenziwa kabusha. Kumakholomu ensimbi engagqwali ezisekelweni ze-hydraulic zokumba ezisebenza ngomshini ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezinomswakama nothuli, izendlalelo zendabuko ze-chrome-plating ezithambekele ekuggugulekeni ngenxa yokuklwebheka zingashintshwa. Izembozo ezihlanganisiwe ezimbozwe nge-laser ezingagqwali futhi ezingagugi azigcini nje ngokuhlukanisa imidiya egqwali kodwa futhi zimelana nomonakalo wokungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa/ukugoba kwekholomu, zandisa imijikelezo yokulungisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezine. Kumagiya ahlulekile kanye nezingxenye zendlu yamabhere ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa amagiya, ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding bubuyisela ukunemba kobukhulu ngokusebenzisa izembozo ngenkathi buthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto zokwakha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokukhathala, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kokudlulisa. Kusethe ukuthi kusebenze.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokufaka esikhundleni izingxenye, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza kabusha i-laser surface cladding abugcini nje ngokwandisa impilo yesevisi yezingxenye ezibalulekile ngezikhathi ezingu-2-4 kodwa futhi buvumela ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo semisebenzi yezimayini yezingxenye ezintsha. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini yokulungisa ngaphezu kuka-60% futhi bunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa zonyaka ngo-30%-50%. Ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye nokusimama kwemvelo emisebenzini yezimayini. Lo modeli wokwenza kabusha "ukulungisa-ukufaka esikhundleni ngokweqile, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza" uba umshayeli wezobuchwepheshe obalulekile wokukhuthaza ukusebenza okuluhlaza nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yezimayini.