Imboni Yezinsimbi
Isizinda Sezimboni
Indawo yokusebenza yezimboni yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini inzima kakhulu, ibonakala ngokushisa okuphezulu, umthwalo osindayo, umthelela omkhulu, ukujikeleza okushisa njalo, kanye nokugqwala okubangelwa ukupholisa. Lezi zimo zivame ukuba khona emikhakheni efana ne-metallurgy, izimayini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini esindayo, lapho izingxenye zicindezelwa khona njalo kanye nolaka lwemvelo. Izindawo zokushisa okuphezulu zidlula ama-500°C ezimweni eziningi, okubangela ukuthamba kwezinto kanye nokusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, kuyilapho ukujikeleza kokushisa (ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okudlula ama-300°C ngomjikelezo ngamunye) kwethula ukucindezeleka kokushisa okwenza buthaka ubuqotho besakhiwo. Izinhlelo zokupholisa, ezivame ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamanzi ezinama-ion agqwalisayo (isb., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻), zakha isimo sokuhlasela okubili sokuguguleka komshini kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Izinhlobo Zezingxenye kanye Nezindlela Zokwehluleka
Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezisebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zifaka phakathi ama-roller (asetshenziswa ezigayweni zokugoqa ukwakha insimbi), ama-roller e-laminar (abalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezinto ezilawulwayo emigqeni yokwelapha ukushisa), amapuleti okuqondisa (ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezinto ngokuqondile), ama-guard okuqondisa (ukuvikela izingxenye ezihambayo ekushayweni okuseceleni), kanye namasondo okuqondisa (okusiza ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphansi). Izindlela zazo zokwehluleka zinezinhlangothi eziningi:
● Ukuguguleka kokugqwala kwenzeka lapho izinto ezingaphezulu zisabela ngemidiya ebolile, zakha izendlalelo ze-oxide eziqhekeka ngaphansi komthwalo, okwandisa ukungqubuzana ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-40.
● Ukukhathala kuvela ekulayisheni okujikelezayo (imijikelezo yokucindezeleka engaphezu kuka-10⁶), okuholela ekuqalisweni kokuqhekeka okungaphansi komhlaba kanye nokusabalala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuxhumana ezinokugxila kokucindezeleka (isb., imiphetho yama-roller).
● Ukuphuka ngokuvamile kuvela ekucindezelekeni okuhlangene kokushisa nokwemishini, kanti amazinga okuhluleka akhuphuka ngo-30% ezingxenyeni ezibhekana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe.
● Ukuguga okushisa okuphezulu kuhilela izindlela zokunamathela kanye nezokuhudula emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okubangela ukuba ukugoba kobuso kukhuphuke ngo-50-80% futhi kunciphise ukunemba kobukhulu.
Izixazululo Ezisekelwe Ku-Laser Zokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bomphezulu we-laser bunikeza izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe:
1. Ukumbozwa nge-laser
Le ndlela ilungele ukuqinisa i-cladding kanye nokwakha kabusha izingxenye zenani eliphezulu njenge-roller, i-laminar rollers, i-transmission rollers, i-universal joints, kanye ne-rolling mill arches. I-laser beam enamandla aphezulu iyancibilika futhi ibeke izimpushana ze-alloy ezikhethekile ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu (isb., i-cobalt-chromium, ama-superalloy asekelwe ku-nickel) ebusweni be-substrate, yakha isibopho esiqinile, se-metallurgical. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:
● Izinga eliphansi lokuncibilika (
● Ukuguquguquka okuncane (ukuhlanekezela kokushisa
● Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokumbozwa (izinga lokufakwa lifinyelela ku-500 cm³/h), okuvumela ukukhiqizwa noma ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwezingxenye ezinkulu. Izendlalelo zokumbozwa zibonisa amanani obulukhuni obungu-60-70 HRC futhi zingamelana nenkonzo eqhubekayo ku-800-1000°C, zandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezingxenye izikhathi ezingu-2-3 uma kuqhathaniswa nokumbozwa okuvamile.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Laser
Ukuze kuqiniswe ubuso bama-roller nama-trimming rollers, i-laser alloying inikeza ikhambi elingabizi. Le nqubo ihilela ukuncibilikisa ubuso be-substrate kanye nezinto zokuhlanganisa (isb. ama-carbide, ama-nitride) ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwensimbi-ceramic ngaphandle kwezingqimba ezibalulekile zangaphandle zokuhlanganisa. Izici eziphawulekayo zifaka:
● Ukugeleza kwenqubo elula, okudinga kuphela ukufakwa kwangaphambili kwezimpushana noma izintambo zokuxuba, kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungiselela ngo-20%.
● Ukubopha okuqinile kwensimbi (amandla okusika >500 MPa), okuqinisekisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushaqeka kokushisa.
● Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuncishisiwe ngenkathi kufezwa izakhiwo eziqondiwe: ukumelana nokuguguleka kuthuthukiswe ngo-30%, ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni zamanzi anosawoti kuthuthukiswe ngo-40%, kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation ku-600°C kuqhubeka ngo-50%.
Lobu buchwepheshe be-laser bumelela indlela yokuguqula ekulweni nezimo ezinzima zezimboni, bunikeza izixazululo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezilinganisela ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini.
Amacala Okufaka Isicelo
Ukumbozwa kwe-laser yesondo eliqondisayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-roller nge-laser
Ukumbozwa nge-laser roller